Article Review Poisoned Water essays

Article Review Poisoned Water essays 1. In this particular case, it is not simply enough for the factory owner to state that he cannot afford to operate an economically sound factory. It is not only his economic future, or indeed his legal future, that is at stakeit is also the rights of the individuals whose lives may be affected by his environmentally and economically irresponsible behavior. Furthermore, clean water is a scarce resource. Unlike sunlight, it is not naturally renewable. By tainting this resource, the individual impedes the economic development of others. For instance, if I cannot go to work because I am sickened by the pollution from the factory, my own economic health One useful economic model to deploy when examining the irresponsible behavior of the factory owner might be to posit the Classical model of economics, as suggested by Adam Smith, which in fact does not propose an entirely hands off' relationship between government and industry. For instance, if a monopoly develops, the government, in this economic model, the government free to step in and break down the monopoly, to recreate a free economy where competitors can generate a healthy economic stasis of supply and demand. Here, the government must step in and assert that a healthy environment must be created for the general welfare as well as the economic stasis of all afflicted members of the community who are not privy to access to other sources of clean water. 2. Allocating the property rights to those who use the river as their primary source of clean water would generate an allocatively effective outcome because those individuals would have a personal and economic interest in keeping the water clean. At present, the current possessor of the rights to the water does not have such self-in ...

Description of human emotions Personal Statement

Description of human emotions - Personal Statement Example C, in front of Lincoln memorial. It has filled my heart with gratitude when I went in the Korean War memorial park. This has given me a lot of impression and provided me with the chance of re-analyzing what I am blessed with. I am a grandchild of a soldier who sacrificed his life to safe guard his countrymen to safe guard me during the Korean War. When I saw the gravestone of American soldiers mentioning 54,246 deaths and 8,177 missing my heart sinked with grief. I was reminded of my yester years when my mother used to preach me about peace. The sacrifice can never be small. The importance of lives is understood when one is not around. We have to live with the memories only. When I saw a women paying homage to the soldiers, I could grasp the importance of each and every life on this earth. The soldier has sacrificed his life to protect his countrymen. He has sacrificed his sleep and life's comforts. The thought provoke me "the soldier has done this for whom For me of course! Also for the people like me." I felt really pity for the women as a single life influences the lives of many. An entire family suffers after his demise. If the family is strong females of the families are capable enough then they can rear their children but what about those families where this is not the case. Today, my heart is filled with gloom why on earth we human beings have to fight for might Where are we heading Who is responsible Do we real

Scientific Misconduct Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Scientific Misconduct - Essay Example Misconduct in the scientific research totally damages the good will of any research that has been. This has greatly ruined the scientific advancement and the professional success in the field of science and research. The wrong doers are prone to heavy penalties if found guilty and may be sanction and even serve jail term as the law indicates. The misconduct represents itself in many forms, (D’angelo p 86). These can be seen from the journals, scientific press and the many institutions accredited to the scientific research. There have been many paradigm theories and ways on how to investigate, who to investigate and the legal actions for anyone found guilty of the scientific misconduct. There has been cleavage as to who to determine this egregious fakery, duplication and even plagiarism the field of science. This paper reworks on the areas that can be useful in determination of the culprits. The political and cultural environment was the first to raise the red flag. The context here is that Americans have over time held the scientist, as people of high caliber, with vast knowledge that do offer solutions. Economically and socially they are valued as people of great importance, (D’angelo p 77). Any tempest in the field of scientific research would bring our economy on its knees. There has to be a lot of care and due diligence that needs to be put in place to main stability in this field. Integrity in the field of science must be upheld. The research has to give credible results that hold water at the end of the day. Failure to provide this vital component would lead as a total violation of the laid out procedures and this will be termed as scientific misconduct. This integrity issue has to be encouraged and motivated to give yields to the multinational credible research institutes, (D’angelo p 98). Congressional attention to have a detailed report in scientific

Research study Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Research study - Essay Example This characteristic is a necessary component of teacher education programs. The problem that is being investigated is the subject of reflection of the professional vocational careers of educators in a tertiary educational institute environment. The dilemmas and issues which are discussed in the literature are the benefits and characteristics of reflection. Dewey (1933) said that teachers must reflect in order to properly deliver and implement the subject taught in their classes. Reflection is an answer to a previous event which entails learning, remembering, circumspection and introspection. The sample population was at a Liberal arts college in the Midwest. An autobiographical academic report was collected along with statistical information about the respondents. The statistical method which was applied was comparative analysis. The bias is the self perception of the respondents. The areas where future research could be conducted are upon the elements of self satisfaction within the psychological domain and the selections of the three respondents who did not fit into the status

Mumbai Slums Essay Example for Free

Mumbai Slums Essay An earthquake occurs when there is a sudden release of energy in the Earths crust that causes seismic waves. Earthquakes are typically caused by opening of geological faults. They are however also caused by volcanic activity, landslides, mine blasts, and nuclear experiments. The effects of earthquakes are many and far reaching. Earthquakes cause shaking and ground ruptures which result in less or sometimes more severe damage to buildings or other rigid structures. Earthquakes also results in landslides and avalanches, which sometimes causes damage in hilly and mountain areas. After an earthquake, the place can catch fire by breaking of the electrical power or gas lines. Because of the shaking, sometimes the soil liquefies, the loose saturated cohesion less soil loses its strength and temporarily transforms from a solid to a liquid state. Soil liquefaction causes firm structures like buildings and bridges to slant or sink into a liquefied state. Earthquakes result in loss of life, damage to property, fatal diseases, lack of basic necessities and it affects the financial and economical structure of the country. Some safety measures are used so that the government, individual and businesses can prepare themselves against this calamity. To reduce the damage, retrofitting techniques and modern earthquake resistant designs of new buildings and lifeline structures like bridges, hospitals and power plants are used in earthquake prone areas. The emergency services under the local and state government ensure that the public is safe by dealing with the crisis. Individuals and businesses are encouraged by governments to have an earthquake kit and supplies for three days at hand. As a result of an increase of the number of seismic stations today, the earthquakes are reported more than in the past, which help in the preparation process. Slums in Mumbai Slums always existed in Mumbai. In 19th century, slums grew around mills and other places of employment. Now they grow where ever there is empty space. Slum dwellers today cover 60% of Mumbai’s population. The government tried to rectify the problem in 1985 by passing the Slum Upgradation Project. Regrettable the project targeted only 10-12% of the slum population, those who were able to of upgrade their homes. It ignored inhabitants in slums, those who did not have homes at all. In spite of all the attempts to cure the problem of slums in Mumbai, slums are still growing. The growth rate of slums is actually greater than the growth rate of general urban. It is estimated that everyday 100 to 300 new families come to Mumbai. Most of them end up in a slum colony or just put up a shanty on the on the footpath. Due to migration, the city’s population is increasing and with it the slums. These facts show that migration has to stop to cure the problem of slums. According to Professor RN Sharma, (the head of the Urban Studies Unit in Tata Institute of Social Sciences), Mumbai, the city is unquestionably disintegrating into slums. A Jockin of SPARC, (the NGO that works for slums) said that the rehabilitation process is the only solution to the problem of slums in Mumbai. He said: â€Å"This talk about Mumbai having predominantly slums is rubbish. Already 67 per cent of slums on railway land have been re-settled. The airport project and the rehabilitation near Mithi River is also happening at a good pace. These figures of slum population rising is not true†. Former housing minister Nawab Mallik also agreed that rehabilitation is a best way to get rid of slums. References: Earthquake. (2007, November 4). Retrieved November 5, 2007 from World Wide Web: http://en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Earthquake Juneja, Saakshi. (2006, January 9). Mumbai Slums. Retrieved November 5, 2007 from the World Wide Web: http://mumbai. metblogs. com/archives/2006/01/mumbai_slums. phtml Slums. Retrieved November 5, 2007 from the World Wide Web: http://www. macalester. edu/courses/GEOG61/espencer/slums. html Slums: The Magnitude of the Problem. Retrieved November 5, 2007 from World Wide Web: http://theory. tifr. res. in/bombay/amenities/housing/slum-stats. html

Effects of the Expansion of Starbucks

Effects of the Expansion of Starbucks 1. Background information Starbucks has expanded rapidly since 1995. Yet, as a result of the economic crisis causing a decline in sales, Starbucks was forced to take measures that enable it to cope with this economic crisis. (Jannarone, J. June 14 2010) 2. Effect of Starbucks expanding 2.1 Effect on the PPF(Production Possibilities Frontier) curve Starbucks has expanded at a very fast rate, adding stores in the US at an annual rate of 27% from 1995 to 2005.( Jannarone, J. June 14 2010)This would cause the PPF(Production Possibilities Frontier) curve for the goods of Starbucks to shift outwards as shown in the diagram below due to the increase in the quantity of resources being put into the production of goods since stores are categorize under capital resources. (Assume that Starbucks produce only two goods, coffee and cake) 2.2 Effect on the market demand and supply curve The expansion also caused the supply curve of the goods of Starbucks to shift to the right due to the increase in the number of suppliers (shops). This has resulted in an increase in supply of the goods of Starbucks. The equilibrium market price would fall while the equilibrium quantity would increase as shown in the diagram below. The blue thin lines indicate the equilibrium price and quantity. Q-quantity, P-price, E-equilibrium point, S-supply 3. Market structure of Starbucks The market structure that Starbucks is operating in is oligopoly. The following are the reasons which lead to the conclusion. 3.1 Number of sellers in the market Starbucks is a large firm operating in a many different countries. It supplies most of the speciality coffee in the world. There are also very few competitors such as MacDonald and Coffee Bean which are competing with Starbucks for its customers whom are mainly well-off working professionals. 3.2 Substantial barriers to entry for new firms It is very difficult for a newcomer to set up a speciality coffee chain in the world as cost is very high. For example, advertising the new coffee product would take a huge amount of money. Researching and coming up with a new coffee product may take years and cost about a few million to a billion dollars. Moreover it is very hard for newcomers to compete for customers with established firms like Starbucks as these firms already have an established brand name. As such customers would rather drink the coffee at these firms instead of others as they trust the quality of the coffee there. 3.3 Mutual interdependence Some of the actions taken by Starbucks competitors depend on the actions taken by Starbucks. It means that firms in an oligopoly weigh the effects of its own behaviour on the other firms behaviour. For example as a result of Starbucks having espresso-based drinks, McDonald decided to launch espresso-based drinks too. (Jannarone, J. June 14 2010) 3.4 Type of oligopoly Starbucks is a differentiated oligopolist due to the fact that evidence in the newspaper articles seems to suggest this. For example McDonald has launched espresso-based drinks but this has hardly affected Starbucks sales. (Jannarone, J. June 14 2010). This is due to the fact that Starbucks espresso-based drinks may have different physical qualities such as a better taste compared to the ones offered by McDonald. Therefore Starbucks is likely to be less sensitive to any price changes of its competitors products as the products it offers are different compared to its competitors products. 4. Behaviour of Starbucks Starbucks practices non-price competition which means that it designs itself to increase its share of the market without changing the price of its products. This can be seen from the fact that when McDonald launched espresso-based drinks, Starbucks sales at stores swung positive in the past several months even though it did not decrease the price of its products. (Jannarone, J. June 14 2010) Here are some of the possible ways Starbucks practice non-price competition through product differentiation. 4.1 Physical differences Starbucks products are of better quality compared to its competitors. An example could be that Starbucks espresso-based drinks have a better taste compared to McDonald coffee. This can be seen from the fact that even though McDonald launched espresso-based drinks in 2009, Starbucks sales at stores swung positive in the past several months. (Jannarone, J. June 14 2010).This shows that generally Starbucks products are of better quality compared to its competitors products. 4.2 Location Starbucks outlets are normally located at areas where the competitors outlets are not located. This can be seen from the fact just 23% of US Starbucks locations have a McDonalds outlets within a quarter-mile radius. (Jannarone, J. June 14 2010)This makes it difficult for their regular customers and even future customers to switch to other alternatives. 4.3 Product image Starbucks has also fostered in people mind that it provides coffee that is of the highest quality. This is done through advertising. 4.4 Reasons for Starbucks behaviour Starbucks is doing this as it does not want to have a price competition with its competitors. This is because if a price war occurs, Starbucks would be forced to lower the prices of its products, causing the price to be lower than the marginal cost of producing each of its products. This would cause it to lose a lot of revenues and the total revenue earned may be much lower compared to the total cost incurred. As such Starbucks would be operating at a loss and might even close down. 5. Effect of economic recession on Starbucks 5.1 Income elasticity of customers of Starbucks Starbucks customers demand for the goods of Starbucks is income elastic. This is because during the economic recession where many of Starbucks customers suffer a decrease in their incomes, sales of Starbucks goods began to weaken, resulting in a 9% decrease. (Cain Miller, C. January 28, 2009)It came to the point where Starbucks was forced to retrench. (Jannarone, J. June 14 2010) As such in conclusion, the absolute value of the income elasticity of demand of customers of Starbucks for the goods of Starbucks is above 1.This shows that customers of Starbucks are very responsive to any change in their income in their demand for Starbucks goods. As a result, the demand curve for Starbucks goods would shift to the left by a lot. 5.2 Starbucks closing down stores Starbucks has closed down 300 stores, causing about 700 of its employees to lose their jobs in 2009. (Cain Miller, C. January 28, 2009)This is because in the short-run, at the point of output where the marginal revenue is equal to the marginal cost, the price per output of Starbucks is below the average variable cost. As such Starbucks is not able to cover part of its variable costs and its total fixed cost. Therefore Starbucks loss would be part of its variable costs that it is not able to cover and its total fixed cost if it decides to continue on production. However if Starbucks shut down its stores, its loss would be just the total fixed cost. Therefore to minimize loss, Starbucks has decided to close down some of its stores. Starbucks PPF(production possibilities frontier)curve would shift inward as the quantity of resources being put into the production of its goods is decreased since retrenching will reduce the amount of labour being employed and closing down stores would reduce the amount of capital being put into the production of Starbucks goods. This can be seen from the diagram. (Assume Starbucks produce only two goods, coffee and cake) 5.3 Effect of recession on demand for Starbucks goods In the first quarter of 2008, Starbucks revenue has decreased from $2.77 billion to about $2.6 billion and sales at Starbucks stores decreased by about 9% (Cain Miller. January 28, 2009). This is due to the fact of expectations of its customers. Starbucks customers expect their money income to decrease as a result of the economic recession. As a result, they would buy less of Starbucks goods as a result of their anticipation of a decrease to their money income. This would cause the demand curve for Starbucks goods to shift to the left, resulting in a decrease in the equilibrium price and quantity. 5.4 Starbucks cutting down on cost Starbucks also has tried to cut down on cost. This include cutting down on variable costs such as reducing the salaries of employees such as Mr.Schultz , cutting down on fixed costs by renegotiating prices with landlords and suppliers. (Cain Miller, C. January 28, 2009). This would cause the supply curve of Starbucks to shift to the right as a result of the decrease in resource price such as labour, as a result of this, market equilibrium price would decrease and the equilibrium quantity would increase due to decrease in the cost of production. Starbucks is doing this so as to reduce its total cost by about $400 million to $500 million. (Cain Miller, C. January 28, 2009). This also has enabled Starbucks to increase its operating profit margins from 0.6% to about 4.5 % (Cain Miller, C. January 28, 2009). Such measures has enabled Starbucks to increase its (total revenues-total cost) difference. As such gap between total revenues curve and total cost curve would be larger due to the decrease in cost. 6. Conclusion 6.1 Economic profits Starbucks is an oligopolist; it would in the long-run have an economic profit due to substantial barriers to entry such as a high start up costs and the presence of established brand names. As a result, lesser firms would enter the market that Starbucks is operating in. Lesser number of Starbucks customers would get snatched away, therefore demand for Starbucks goods would not reduced by a lot, as such Starbucks would still earn an economic profit 6.2 Allocative efficiency Starbucks cannot attain allocative efficiency as the price of its goods are larger compared to the marginal cost associated with producing that good. This show that consumers are paying an amount that is larger compared to the additional cost of producing a unit of Starbucks good. Therefore consumers would be better off if Starbucks produce more of its goods. 6.3 Challenges faced by Starbucks Starbucks faced a declining demand for its goods as consumers now prefer healthier drinks. However Starbucks emphasizes on milky, sugary drinks, hurting its image as an authentic coffee house. (January 28, 2009) This would result in Starbucks demand curve shifting to the left due to the taste and preferences of consumers, resulting in the decrease of equilibrium price and quantity. Starbucks has also expanded by a lot; this has resulted in it experiencing diseconomies of scale as more layers of management are needed to coordinate the Starbucks operations. This would result in a higher cost for Starbucks as a larger amount of resources is required to coordinate and manage resources such as labour. Starbucks may have also experienced the law of diminishing returns which is as more and more variable inputs are added into the fixed resource of Starbucks such as its stores, marginal product of the additional variable input would ultimately decline due to congestion and crowding. This is shown when the marginal physical product curve is decreasing from its maximum point. This would also result in it experiencing increasing marginal costs as shown in the diagram. This is shown by the marginal cost curve increasing from its minimum point. 6.4 Starbucks strategies Starbucks has shown that it is capable of adapting to situations. For example, during the economic recession, it cut down on cost. It also attempted to attract more customers and retain existing ones by giving special offers such as giving loyalty cards that provide discounts and coming up with breakfast combination meals. (Cain Miller, C. January 28, 2009). Starbucks has also attempted to widen its market reach by opening new stores in new markets such as China. Many of those stores have matured and operating profits could soon be earned from them. (Jannarone, J. June 14 2010) To cut down on cost as well as diseconomies of scale, it also has shut down 300 stores. (Cain Miller, C. January 28, 2009) 6.5 Future of Starbucks Starbucks has proven itself to be capable of adapting to situation while attempting to take the initiative in taking advantage of new opportunities. This shows that despite challenges such as declining demand for its products, Starbucks is still capable of remaining competitive.

Communications Essay -- essays research papers fc

Freedom of speech is a right of individuals as they possess their own free will. Because of their free will, individuals have expressed their thoughts, desires, and aspirations through the mass media. Communicating freely with other affirms the dignity and worth of each and every member of society. Communication remains God's great gift to humanity without which we cannot be truly human, reflecting God's image. Freedom of expression is essential in the attainment and advancement of knowledge. Communication brings forth various ideas and information. People today are better informed and more enlightened thanks to thriving press freedom and expanding mass media here and in many parts of the world. All points of view are represented in the "marketplace of ideas" and society benefits from debate about their worth. "Monkey see, monkey do" has become a well-known saying in today's society. In addition, this is how media influences society as it leaves a large impact on the individuals. Media has been considered by Ciony C. Gonzales as the most dominant art form, as it has an innate power to engage and affect the total person. It leaves a compelling and lasting impact on both the conscious and subconscious. Though media informs and educates, it also corrupts and exploits, leading it to contribute to the moral degradation of society. The moral fabric of our society has been coming apart for some time. Sex and violence have been big sellers through media outlets but at the expense of our children as well as the society they live in. children are very impressionable and they emulate what they hear on the radio and see on both television and movies. We must safeguard and change what our children are exposed to. Media's role in society is to inform, educate, and entertain. It tells the truth and provides positive stimulation that can build up images and reputations the right way. It can also be a tribunal of justice. Therefore, media has contributed greatly in ways that both enlighten and enrich society, but in other ways have deteriorated and perplexed it. It is not a surprise to learn, then, that media is the most powerful source of information, and nothing else in today's world influences public perception as heavily. Media in the Philippines is simply a reflection, an outgrowth, a mirror of society as a whole. After all, media has been perceive... ...are dissatisfied at what our children are exposed to. The owners, producers, directors, gatekeepers, commentators and actors, must be held accountable. If we don’t buy, they wont survive, so we must write our politicians, radio stations, television stations, newspapers, and magazines and every other media outlet in order to let them know our concerns. We have the power, so let’s exercise it. After all, our society and the children that it breed are at stake. BIBLIOGRAPHY Caà ±aberal, Bernard. "Radio, Pop, Music & Comics: Impact on Filipino Youth." Media Watch, January 1993, pp. 44-45. Deocareza, Franco. "A Positive Media Culture for Children." Life Today, September, pp. 19, 23. Gonzales, Ciony C. "Film Culture." Life Today, January 1984, pp. 10-11. Gonzales, Ciony C. "Taking Films Seriously." Life Today, January 1984, pp. 9. "Pornography serious threat, studies show." The Christian Science Monitor, 23 September, 1999, Sec. A, p. 11. "Profanity use is too commonplace." The Oklahoma Daily, 21 Oktober, 1997, Sec. A, n.p.. Reuter, Fr. James. "Media and Values." Life Today, June 1992, pp. 40.