Effects on Children in Single Parent Household Essay

The U.S. Census Bureau reported that about 30 percent of American families are headed by only one parent. Single parent households numbered over 12 million in the year of 2000. According to this, single parent families can no longer be viewed as nontraditional families. These families are all around us today. So, interest has grown as to the effect of these households on Children’s well-being. The most important effect of single parent household on children is in academic achievement. According to the research named Single parenting and children’s academic achievement from Kunz (2010), most single parent households are run by mothers. Therefore, children who lack fathers’ attention can’t have a happy learning environment. They usually perform poorly in school because the lack of guidance on their homework. From this research, we can conclude that for every 100 dollars of child support mothers receive, their children’s standardized test scores increa se by 1/8 to 7/10 of a point. In addition, children with single mothers who have contact and emotional support from their fathers tend to do better in school than children who have no contact with their fathers. We can make a conclusion from this research that because children live in single parent household, they can hardly do well in academic achievement. Emotional effects also play an important role in the life of children growing up in a single parent household. According to the article named Children in single parent homes and emotional problems by Erica Williams (2003), living in single parent household can have many emotional effects on children, including feelings of abandonment, sadness, loneliness and difficulty socializing and connecting with others. Nowadays, because living in single parent household, more and more children become autistic. They can’t develop interpersonal relationship with normal people, which avoid them from surviving in the society independently. Besides, since they are given little attention, there are also other emotional effects on them, including low self-esteem, increased anger, frustration and an increased risk for violent behavior. Further, they are more likely to commit a crime because they want to attract people’s attention. This can not only ruin their lives but also break their parents’ hearts. Although there are so many negative effects on children in single parent households, it can have positive effects on them as well. According to a study at Cornell  University, positive single parenting did not show any negative impact on the social and educational development of the 12 and 13 years old participating in the study. In addition, children in single parent families may exhibit strong responsibility skills, as they are often called upon to help out more with family chores and tasks. Therefore, if children in single parent households are taught and educated by the single parent in an appropriate way, they can become people who are more strong and independent than the normal children in normal families. Because they lack love, they learn how to survive in this complex society and live a happy life and become stronger and stronger. To help the children in single parent households, our whole society is supposed to pay more attention on them. If we can give more care and patience to them, they will become strong but not evil. They are the most innocent part of their families, and they are supposed to be treated as the normal children in normal families. Please give your love and care to them. References Kunz, M. (2010). Single parenting and children’s academic achievement. Retrieved from http://library.adoption.com/articles/single-parenting-and-childrens-academic-achievement.html Williams, E. (2003). Children in single parent homes and emotional problems. Retrieved from http://www.thehilltoponline.com/2.4839/children-in-single-parent-homes-and-emotional-problems-1.472758#.UjSszMZ9dyc

Australian Prudential Regulation Authority

In parison to other countries or other industries, Australia has knowledgeable main variations to its monetary and economic system in new periods. The  Australian  monetary organization  contains of the preparations cover the appropriate taking money and lending of funds and the transmission of possession of monetary rights in Australia which consists of the derivative business places, insurance, banks, credit unions, debt and equity market. The clear result has been an alteration in the Australian mercial and business organization from a paratively locked, monotonous assembly in the 1950s and 1960s, based mainly on historical bank connection, to a more exposed and modest organization and are offering or giving various types of services or offerings in parison with any other industries. The financial or the monetary system   is being driven by the forces of the fair or the market which is solely dependent on the economy of the market and what the market needs. A procedure ana logous to that understood in Australia has remained experimental and broadly deliberated in the United States underneath the general caption ‘the deterioration in outdate investment and banking. Amid the assortment of inspirations on monetary-sector expansion, three chief services can be tinted. The first can be said as the part of monetary controlling strategy, to an significant gradation, formed the prehensive tendencies in groups’ marketplace shares in fresh periods. There were many development in the system due to progressive technology   and due to this plummeting the price of many knowledge oriented monetary doings and also new products and activities are available. System possessions more than crumpled as a relation to GDP among the 1960s and 1990s, with abundant of that development occurring in the instant post-deregulation retro in the additional half of the 1980s.A major part of the monetary system, and widely examined away, was the recognition prosperous wh ich shadowed monetary deregulation. This singularity, and its munication with economic progresses in the 1980s, underwrote to development of the monetary segment in an amount of methods. Influence within the Australian business sector has conventionally been moderately little, and this remnants the circumstance despite a considerable surge in corporate copying in the late 1980s. The debt to equity ratio is paratively same with pared to other countries like United States, Japan and other countries. Till the 1950s, monetary intermediation was mainly identical with investment and banking. We can also see that, until the 1950s, monetary intermediation was principally identical with banking. Finance business was fundamentally a low-risk proposal showed at controlled values and fees.. The mercial transaction or better known as banking business in  Australia  contains of a number of banks approved   and qualified to carry on investment and banking business under the  Banking Act 1959, distant banks approved to function through a subdivision in Australia. While conversation of the u ing construction of the investment or the banking industry was to a large gradation hypothetical, the Group was interested in explanations that some contributors in the business anticipated a major and a vast charge in the near future. In contradiction of the contextual of these expansions, banks have their mark increasingly on the mushrooming retirement and funds-management subdivision as a possib le long-term counterbalance to these pressions and burdens. We can say as an example approx. $40 billion, or 15 per cent of retirement possessions or properties are presently held as bank safeties or credits with economic establishments, a momentous amount of these organisations’ accountability base. The banks undoubtedly know that there are pensations and advantages to be increased from joining and uniting their connection part with funds-management activities, and have strapped for payment of more through participation in retirement time, and in recent times there has been overall introduction of investments   or funds in over the counter. The  banking sector in  Australia  contains of a number of banks approved   and qualified to carry on investment and banking business under the  Banking Act 1959, distant banks licensed to function through a subdivision in Australia, and Australian-incorporated foreign bank panies. Various organisations like mutual funds, credit unions provide banking facilities. Officially, there is widespread and detailed regulation of Australia's banking system, split mostly between the  Australian Prudential Regulation Authority  (APRA) and  Australian Securities and Investments mission  (ASICAustralia Reserve bank plays a   significant participation. Though, in repetition, Australian banks are autonomous and are regulated by themselves through External Dispute Resolution (EDR) arrangements, the most protuberant is the  Financial Ombudsman Service (Australia)  (FOS). The ASIC is responsible for the integrity and the prosperity of the financial organisations. The fast growt h of banks' national financial statements – which have full-grown at an regular yearly rate of 13  per  cent meanwhile from 1985 – and both the demand and supply factors and introduction are introduced. Currently there are 53 banks which are functioning in Australia, and in those 54, 14 are owned by the country. In totalling to the four major banks, there is a collection of five Australian-owned banks occasionally denoted to as the ‘regionals’, sparkling their innovative emphasis mainly on the retail sector. The Banking system or methods of Australia in the history was one of determined country for legality, not so prosperous, broken and public bitterness. With the flow of past 15 years, each of the four main Australian banks, while obeying with the progressively severe supplies of controlling figures, testified at least one main monetary blooper. A one-off simplification of limitations on foreign bank admission in the mid-1980s, and the additional exp osed policy of entry accepted in the early 1990s, saw the overseas bank attendance increase, in part at the expenditure of the mercantile sectors of bank The   banking organisation has literally struggled to achieve great success overtime. Three main administration investigations into banking were showed in Australia between 1981 and 1996. It gave lawfulness for both the administrations and the banks; for administrations since the very establishment of an investigation established an obligation to answerability and munity concentration questions. Banks are also topic to duties under the  Anti-Money Laundering and Counter-Terrorism Financing Act 2006  as "reporting entities†. Until the 1980s, recognition unions and construction societies produced muscularly, largely because they were subject to rarer guidelines than banks – in 1985, there were 60 building societies and 400 credit unions effective in Australia. Banks confronted slight modest heaviness from other organisations, where rapid development had not started yet, and the organization was not exposed to foreign bank entrance or to offshore munications. Banks went through an extended period of declining market share during the 1960s and 1970s, when equivalent advantages were made by non-bank monetary mediators, particularly construction societies, economics corporations, mercial banks. A huge amount of considerable growth of non-bank monetary organizations (NBFIs) not united to the national investment subdivision. In some of the cases, these organizations were possessed by distant banks that required a monetary attendance in Australia but were prohibited from founding a proper and prescribed mericialprocess by the real suspension on new foreign banking establishments before 1985. A one-off simplification of limitations on foreign bank admission in the mid-1980s, and the additional exposed policy of entry accepted in the early 1990s, s aw the overseas bank attendance increase, in part at the expenditure of the mercantile sectors of bank. Two overseas organisations functioned uninterruptedly as official banks in Australia in the post-war period prior to 1985.17 The nonappearance of a wider overseas banking attendance reproduced the suspension on distant bank entry, deliberated beforehand. The appearance of a ‘distant bank presence’ in Australia in the nonappearance of ‘official foreign banks’ signifies what, with retrospection, seems to give the novel method to the meaning of banks and non-banks inside the Banking Act 1959. The experience of having the overseas or the foreign banks response is quite neutral. The new entries are quite petitive in nature. On the prehensive part, foreign banks sustained their mercial banking’ doings and in that domain were pioneering in merchandise progress and in monetary and derivative markets. At the end it is being noticed that the foreign banks w ere not able to make an influence or impression on the central place of the Australian banks in the merchandising and saleable market, where huge client permissions or branches had been recognized through widespread division systems. Foreign banks were heartened to smear for approval anywhere and in any amount, on condition that they met the entrance necessities, they were allowed to assume either secondary or subdivision constructions (Brian, 2005) Many overseas banks were against this but the rule was not changed and was universal. From 1992 the number of entries of foreign banks increased simultaneously (Henry, 2011) Inclusive, though, the happenings of external banks continued paratively unimportant likened to the long recognized Australian banks. Respective part of lending and borrowing system resources rose to 14 per cent by 1996 as a consequence of fresh entrants but with only slight exclusions, their doings continued profoundly absorbed on extensive or recognized marketplaces (Financial stability review , 2006) Australia is placed as the ninth main as exchange fair in dollars or any overseas country and the sixth principal interest rate futures market in the creation.   Foreign banks as a group were the firmest hit with losses totalling to 30 per cent of their capital in 1990 alone. Among 1986 and 1990, collective foreign bank sufferers engrossed an quantity equal to their original start-up capital. The risks can be faced by the foreign banks by opening branch in Australia can be the credit, liquidity, business risks. "Australia's main banks have been mounting their CRE contacts self-effac ingly  in new year’s, and are thus susceptible to the dangers from developed jobs rates in Brisbane and Perth and payment risks from a potential  residential apartment oversupply in Sydney, Melbourne and Brisbane," says  Maadhavi Ramanayake, a Moody's Associate Analyst. – As seen, the Reserve Bank's threat organisation rule covers financial marketplace, credit, operative and other risks characteristic in resounding out its main banking actions, but not the risks linked with the Bank's core economic, economic solidity and outgoings procedure occupations.  It is debatable whether a foreign bank facing plications would deliver or say all its issues to the Reserve bank   thereby providing an chance for early action by the Reserve Bank. Correspondingly, it would be both difficult and luxurious for the Reserve Bank to display the processes of a foreign bank with an Australian division to measure for itself the risk of that bank being incapable to meet its duties (I rvine, 2007) After all the permutations and binations and seeing all the risks the country would face by the banks set up or vice versa, Brilliant bank   would now apply for the banking license in Australia. It’s not easy to get a banking license. To function as an ADI in Australia, the potential licensee must get a banking license from the Australian Provident Regulatory Authority. It may take a long term or rather many years and, as the governmental group boom notes does not e as a very user friendly process for the new ones. The applicants applying for it will actually need to satisfy the capital requirements that is the minimum capital that is required. To operate as a bank, fort ing interviewees need at least $50 million in Tier 1 Capital or largely mon equity. Candidates suggesting to function as banks must have a smallest of $50 million in Tier 1 capital. Supplementary, on an on-going basis, ADIs must grip controlling capital equivalent to at least eight per cent of total risk bia sed assets; However, the group points out, new ADIs can be subjected to advanced least capital necessities in their influential years and various liquidity issues also needs to be fulfilled with other areas like corporate governance and others. The International Monetary Fund’s Financial System Stability Assessment (FSSA) can undertake another fence to arriving the local banking subdivision. All the stockholders of the applicant or the person making the application must show or rather be well established, financially very sound and they would also prove that the cooperation or the tie up would be a long term arrangement. Where essential, candidates will be predictable to provide APRA with approval to pursue particulars in this respect. Candidates internal control and risk management strategies must be appropriate to satisfy to the obtainment of license. The shareholders should be fit and utmost proper to qualify and they must contribute to the capital if there is any requirem ent in the future. The guidelines which is set by the APRA should be submitted in time otherwise it would lead to disqualification, when an existing applicant who is about to mence its banking operations is not having any resources or contacts, then the individual is expected to build the contact as soon as possible to conduct the operations. ADRA has full authority to ask and want any document at any time. Discussion between the APRA and the individual wanted to conduct banking operations A drag application must be sent properly. APRA will review and go through the application that is made by the applicant. He will therefore discuss with the seniors and other staffs regarding the application It will therefore will take 12-15 months to process, provide there are exceptions which can delay the submission that is some i plete documentation will actually extend days , a corporation may be by default may extend days to resolve some issue or due tony mishap the date can be stretched. APRA inspires all potential candidates to municate it as early as conceivable throughout their development procedure to discuss their determination to smear for an agreement. APRsubsidiary of a non-operating holding corporation (NOHC) that does not have NOHC specialist under the Act. APRA expects all candidates to be able to obey with its sensible necessities, as set out in numerous sensible morals, from the beginning of the dealings in banking (Australian prudential, 2016). Candidates suggesting to function as banks must have a smallest of $50 million in Tier 1 capital. Australia's banking corporation has arose from the GFC in a moderately robust situation. Its standing internationally has been heightened. Proper consumer protection and welfare measures are seen at a broader level and implemented properly. petition with stability are being maintained.   A harmless and unchanging banking system is a serious constituent of the country's financial organization. The administration and the makers of the policy are bringing changes and are very positive for the economy. An important example from previous controlling policy knowledge was that guidelines inclined to break depressed where they positioned false restraints on petition amongst organisations performance fundamentally similar purposes. The banks have an understanding that joining their mon role with money arrangement activities, and have strapped for payment of more straight connection in retirement time, including   presentation a range of over-the-counter speculation products in years yet t o e (Smith, 2016) Brian, G. (2005).The evolving structure of Australian financial system. Retreived 03 Jan 2016   from https://www.rba.gov.au/publications/confs/1996/pdf/edey-gray.pdf Henry, K. (2011).Australian system. Retreived 03 Jan 2016   from https://www.treasury.gov.au/PublicationsAndMedia/Publications/2011/Economic-Roundup-Issue-1/Report/The-Australian-banking-system-challenges-in-the-post-global-financial-crisis-environment Financial Stability review. (2006).Australian system. Retreived 03 Jan 2016   from https://www.rba.gov.au/publications/fsr/2006/mar/struct-aus-fin-sys.html Irvine, H. (2007).Australian bank. Retreived 03 Jan 2016   from https://ro.uow.edu.au/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1347&context mpapers Smith, M. (2016).Australian banking license. Retreived 03 Jan 2016   from https://finsia /news/news-article/2016/12/08/how-to-get-a-banking-license Australian Prudential Regulation Authority. (2016).Australian banking license. Retreived 03 Jan 2016   from https://www.apra.gov.au/adi/Documents/ADI-Guidelines-11-4-081.pdf

Capital Equipment Requests for Women's Clinic Assignment

Capital Equipment Requests for Women's Clinic - Assignment Example Women are constantly affected by heart diseases (McCuen, Sayles & Schnering, 2007). The construction and buying of cardiovascular laboratory will help women in treating heart diseases and failures. Mother/ baby home care fund is also necessary in the operation of the women’s clinic. This fund will ensure that equipments are put in place to help women with high risk pregnancies so as to stop mortality rates. Other facilities that are important to the women’s clinic include the intensive care unit and Neonatal Intensive Care unit. Neonatal Intensive care Unit will help in providing special care needs for babies at the clinic. There is also the need to provide for funds for the poor in the society. This fund will help in providing medical care for the underprivileged women in the society. Funds will also be used in buying medical equipment for needed services at the clinic such as transport needs, for instance, the purchasing of ambulance. Planning for Funding and Expenses Funds necessary for the completion of the women’s clinic requires funding from several stakeholders. The stakeholders can be grouped into those who originate locally, regionally and nationally. Other sources of funds will include sponsorships and auto-financing. The total amount of funds that will be collected from the general public will constitute nearly three quarters of the total amount while sponsorships and s elf financing will contribute the rest of the resources needed for the project. The public source of fund can be separated between the state and the metropolis in which the hospital will be operating (Marquis & Huston, 2008). The total amount of expenses for the project is at $50 million. The other projects that had already been started cost about $10 million. These projects were implemented to make certain the smooth progress in the implementation of the project. Other facilities such as the communications important for the functioning of the facility cost about $133 million. Constructing the women’s clinic is therefore not a single one- time investment; the facility will be used by generation to come for their health needs. It is therefore indispensable for the government and the state governments to contribute funds for the conclusion of the scheme. The scheme can only be initiated according to the present budget and financial plans for the women’s clinic. The project can only be realistic if about $6m million to $10 million is spent in public relations and marketing activities of the clinic. No less than 65% of the total budget will be used in the implementation of the projects that are crucial for the operation of the clinic such as the breast cancer mammogram, cardiovascular laboratory, and intensive care units. Further, approximately 15-20 percent of the resources will be employed in the preparation stage. Long Term Financial Viability The long term financial viability at the clinic required the establishment of a realis tic budget. The budget must be based on the current economic situation and the number of women nit expects to be using the facility. Long term financial viability cannot be achieved if the clinic will not be able to get adequate clients. Further, realistic revenue expectations have also been developed. The government, the state governm

Advertising Shapes Social Trends Research Paper

Advertising Shapes Social Trends - Research Paper Example The trends and the case studies on advertising and promotion showed that if the advertisement of a product or service has big impact, it generates more sales. Advertising is basically a communication process, which influences a person or a group of people to take decision on purchasing a product or service. Media Awareness Network states that the typical US citizen on average will see 3000 ads per day (Media Awareness, 2010). With such a high level of advertising around consumers every day, is it most likely that advertising shapes society. Since the number is high in terms of viewing the advertisements, now the question arises whether the advertising industry shapes and creates social trends or it just mirrors the pre-existing social trends. When one delves deep into the topic, it is witnessed that majority of the advertisements – whether it is print or digital – modern day advertisement shapes and creates social trends and not just follows the pre-existing social tren ds. It is important for the advertisement industry to play a big role in the well-being of the society when one debates whether advertisements shape the social trends in modern days. The messages and behaviours that the advertisers are trying to achieve also should revolve around the ethical issues of the society. Advertising is the vehicle through which the brand, product or service reach the target audience or consumers, sometimes by creating the demand of the product in the society (Edwards, Li & Lee, 2002). Some of the advertisements have certain self-benefits as well. II. Role of Advertising in Shaping Trends in the US a) Print Advertising It is a well-known fact that with the process of advertising, the companies create equity of brands and also in turn generates sale (Butters, 1977). The ultimate result of this is generating wealth. According to the data from the Fortune magazine, as per the World Bank in the year 2005, out of 150 largest economic entities in the world, only 55 are countries and 95 are large corporations. It is seen from the trends that the big corporations are always ready to spend billions of dollars in print advertising in order to bring behavioural change in the society – and they are doing that as well (Ambrus & Resinger, 2006). The intention of creating this behavioural change in the society through advertisement is to increase the market share of the product in the society. In other words, it can be said that print advertising makes more and more people to use their product or service. These advertisements offer the organizations the potential to alter the market. In some aspects, the advertisements also have the potential to alter various social norms and perceptions (Anderson, 2006). Though most of the western countries have banned the advertisement of tobacco, it is not necessary that there is complete shutdown in advertising tobacco products. In the modern day advertising, most of the cigarette companies spend a big am ount of their budget in advertising, which focuses on the exposure of the brand unconsciously to the broader audience (Bhat, Bevans & Sengupta, 2002). The Marlboro Man campaign was conceived by Leo Burnett and was run from 1954 on print media and as hoardings. The use of rugged cowboys to promote filtered cigarettes and replace the earlier feminine tagline of ‘Mild as May’ was an instant hit in the US. The trend of smoking increased manifold and people started smoking at a younger age. The Marlboro Man advertisements were a true trendsetter, which catapulted cigarette sales in the US and made Marlboro the number one cigarette brand by 1972 (Moellinger & Craig, 2001). The impact the print ad

The Trafficking of Illicit Drugs Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3250 words

The Trafficking of Illicit Drugs - Essay Example In order to halt the burgeoning economic, safety, and health issues related to these illicit substances, policymakers must address many issues including creating community-based prevention programs for youth and allocating funds for better access to drug rehabilitation programs (National Drug Control Strategy, 2011). Background In Alaska, drug use, and distribution is a massive problem and burden that affects the individual, communities, and the entire state. Illicit drug use is higher among Alaska natives than any other ethnic group (Young & Joe, 2009). In addition, Alaska natives have the greatest rates of use for marijuana, cocaine, inhalants, hallucinogens, and nonmedical use of psychotherapeutics (Young & Joe, 2009). According to the National Drug Control Strategy (2011) budget summary for the last fiscal year, the hindrance of drug use and its consequences contributes approximately $32 billion dollars in medical costs per year. Social Factors The entire United States is affecte d by illicit substance abuse. The impact of losing a loved one due to an overdose of illegal drug use is a paramount issue that cannot be qualified by any outside source. The youth of our nation is affected as well as their families. The National Youth Behavior Risk Survey (2011) for the years of 2009 – 2011 indicates that students in high school grades nine through twelve reported either an increase in incidence or no change for marijuana, cocaine, inhalants, heroin, and/or methamphetamine use (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention [CDC], 2011). Citizens of the entire nation are also affected by the crime that is created by means to obtain illicit substances; an average of 71% of males arrested in 10 metropolitan areas in 2011 tested positive for an illegal substance at the time they were taken into custody (Tombak, 2012). Economic Factors The problem of the use of illicit drugs in the United States and the trafficking of illegal drugs cost the nation billions of dollar s each year. Densely (2010) notes that the United States losses as much as $110bn on illicit drugs alone for each year. This loss comes about through a lot of avenues. In the first place, millions of dollars are spent on control and prevention programs that aim at ensuring that people in the country do not fall prey to a very dangerous act of dealing with or using illicit drugs. The control and prevention programs take several forms including strategic campaigns and law enforcement programs. Because there are specially designated agencies who are supposed to be responsible for the control and prevention of illicit drug use, special allocations are made for them in each year’s budget and this is the source of the huge cost involved (Weiler, 2004). Apart from the cost of control and prevention programs, huge liability is incurred by the nation through the cost of managing affected persons who have suffered the consequences of illicit drug use (Davis-Floyd, 2001). This is becaus e special budgetary allocation is provided for people in rehabilitation homes and other healthcare facilities who receive treatment for various forms of illicit drug use side effects. What is most disturbing is that because such people are often neglected by their families, the government is always forced to bear all the cost and this possesses a serious economic challenge for the nation.

Critique of an article Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Critique of an - Article Example In connection to this, the author clearly expounded on the two points in the text of his article as outlined in the introduction. The study was carried out to further expound on types of leadership styles that crop within self-managed teams. In achieving this, the author used individuals of almost the same age in the study in order to minimize errors as much as possible. The experimental method used in carrying out the study included 80 randomly selected students in 20 experimental groups (Solansky, 2008). Control variables were also used to represent possible variations. In addition, the information about the samples and what each sample was supposed to have was also provided in order to enhance the success of the experiment. The data collected was based on the observations the instructor made on each group as well as the surveys that were filled by team members. Additionally, analysis of variance was employed in testing leadership processes between teams practicing shared leadership and teams that depend on one leader (Solansky, 2008). All these methods provided detailed information that justified the hypotheses of the research. This was evidenced by the tables that were provided to show mean differences. The findings showed that teamwork enhances competence as well as transaction of ideas when leadership is shared. This was also evidenced in the text of the article as well as on the tables provided. The limitations of the research that was carried were also discussed because of the possible challenges associated with the laboratory environment on the samples. Among the challenges included the possibility of teams facing management problems as a result of controlling individuals with different perspectives. In addition to this, the use of a small sample was also a limitation to the study; it increased the likelihood of occurrence of many errors (Solansky, 2008). Apart from the conclusion of the article matching

Information Technology- Security Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Information Technology- Security - Research Paper Example United States, records concerning the use of information indicate that the concept has been fundamental when building the required trust and reliability of the information for consumers. Consequently, the concept has enhanced the availability, integrity, authenticity, confidentiality, and non- repudiation of information as discussed in this piece. An organization defines its information assurance policy as a course of actions pursued to enable organizations to obtain information assurance security. As such, the organizations formulate policies that describe appropriate behaviour concerning the use of information. In the contemporary society, the equipments and processes needed to meet the security requirements assist in the formulation of policies that govern the use of data in research (Herold & Rogers, 2011). Consequently, information assurance limits the risks that the misuses of information pose to organizations. Information assurance policies prioritize information based on the capacity of an organization to disseminate risks. Lastly, the policies concerning the use of information enhance privacy in organizations. The international Facility management association defines facility management as a profession encompassing multiple disciplines that enhances the functionality of the built environment. According ICISA & Park (2009), information assurance helps in making changes to the functional areas of an organization. Customer relation, time management, business continuity and financial awareness are some of the activities that are prone to information insecurities. Therefore, organizations need to monitor their security in order to function effectively. The management should also regulate the transmission of information in its physical form. This guarantees safe storage and usage of information. According to ICISA & Park (2009), quick response to threats changes reduces risks such as obsolescence and misuse of information. Information assurance entails