Background and Structure on the United Nations Free Essays

Student Handout Background on the United Nations Basic Facts of the United Nations The United Nations was founded in 1945 with the mission to maintain world peace, develop good relations between countries, promote cooperation in solving the world’s problems, and encourage a respect for human rights. It provides the nations of the world a forum to balance their national interests with the interests of the global whole. We will write a custom essay sample on Background and Structure on the United Nations or any similar topic only for you Order Now It operates on the voluntary cooperation and participation of its member nations. Nothing can be accomplished without their agreement and participation. Currently, there are 191 member countries with different social, political, and economic systems. These countries agree to peacefully settle disputes, refrain from threatening or using force against each other, and refuse to help other nations that oppose the U. N. ’s mission. Headquartered in New York City, the U. N. is a separate and independent entity with its own flag, post office and postage stamps, and its buildings sit on international territory. Six official languages are used at the U. N. – Arabic, Chinese, English, French, Russian, and Spanish. Creation of the United Nations The creation of the U. N. resulted from a long history to promote international cooperation. Nineteenth century European philosophers and statesmen like Immanuel Kant had proposed a federation of nations dedicated to protecting the rights of smaller countries caught up in struggles between larger ones. The federation would punish any nation that committed an act of aggression against another. This idea became a reality after World War I with the establishment of the League of Nations. The League was the brain-child of U. S. President Woodrow Wilson and some of the victorious European powers. During its operation from 1920 and 1946 it enjoyed a few notable successes but ultimately faltered when it couldn’t prevent World War II. It suffered from two major flaws: 1) several of the world’s most powerful and influential countries were not members, including the Untied States; 2) The League required unanimous agreement to oppose aggression. If any member disagreed, the League was powerless to act. Thus, when Germany, Italy, and Japan took military action against fellow members of the League in the late 1930s, they would not agree to take action against themselves to stop their aggression. In the end, the League failed in is primary mission to prevent another world war. While fighting the Axis powers of Germany, Italy, and Japan during World War II, United States President, Franklin Roosevelt, British Prime Minister Winston Churchill, and Soviet Premier Joseph Stalin met several times between 1941 and 1945 to develop an international peacekeeping organization with the goal of preventing future wars on the scale of World War II. In April of 1945, even before the war was officially over, representatives from 50 countries met in San Francisco to create the charter for the United Nations. Similar to the League of Nations, the U. N. was created to promote international peace and prevent another world war. To avoid the structural failures of the League, the U. N. founders gathered the support of the world’s most powerful nations. U. S. participation was secured when the U. N. headquarters were located in New York City. To provide enough power to impose and enforce its will, a security council was developed with authority to take action against aggressor nations. To reassure powerful nations that their sovereignty would not be threatened, the U. N provided veto authority over its actions. The five victors of World War II – the U. S. Britain, France, the Soviet Union (which Russia gained at the break up of the U. S. S. S. ) and China – received this veto power. A veto provides any one of the five permanent Security Council members the authority to reject any U. N. resolution. The Structure and operation of the United Nations Accomplishments of the United Nations: During its 60-year history, the U. N. has achieved many remarkable accomplishments in fulfilling it goals. The U. N. has peacefully negotiated 172 peace settlements that have ended regional conflicts and is credited with participation in over 300 international treaties on topics as varied as human rights conventions to agreements on the use of outer space and the oceans. The U. N. has been involved in every major war and international crisis since its inception and has served as a catalyst for the prevention of others. It authorized the international coalitions that fought in the Korean War (1950-53) and the Persian Gulf War (1991). It provided a forum for mediation in the ArabIsraeli conflict resulting in numerous peace accords and keeping the conflict localized to the Middle East. During the Cuban Missile Crisis in 1962, the U. N. was used as a podium by the United States to challenge the Soviet Union’s placement of nuclear missiles in Cuba. The embarrassment of public indictment was instrumental in forcing the Soviets to remove the missiles. U. N. military forces (provided by member states) have conducted over 35 peacekeeping missions providing security and reducing armed conflict. In 1988, the U. N. Peace-Keeping Forces received the Nobel Prize for Peace. The U. N. has also set up war crimes tribunals to try war criminals in the former Yugoslavia and Rwanda. The U. N. has also made great strides in raising the consciousness of human rights beginning with the â€Å"Universal Declaration of Human Rights† adopted by the General Assembly in 1948. The U. N. Commission on Human Rights through its investigations and technical assistance in promoting free and fair elections has helped many countries in the transition to democracy. The U. N. s intense attention to specific human rights abuses helped end apartheid in South Africa. In its humanitarian efforts, more than 30 million refugees fleeing war, persecution, or famine have received aid from the U. N. High Commissioner for Refugees. The International Court of Justice has helped settle numerous international disputes involving territorial issues, hostage-taking and economic rights. Since the end of the Cold W ar, the U. N. has become increasingly involved in providing humanitarian assistance and promoting improvements in the health of the world’s peoples. In addition to providing relief for humanitarian crises caused by international conflicts, the U. N. can also respond to emergencies caused by natural disasters such as floods and hurricanes. On a proactive level, the World Health Organization (WHO) and other U. N. affiliated groups have eliminated smallpox and are actively pursuing a battle against AIDS, tuberculosis, and malaria around the world. The WHO played a significant role in diagnosing and containing the spread of severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) in 2003. U. N. rograms, like the United Nations Children’s Fund (UNICEF) have saved and enriched the lives of the world’s children through immunization programs for polio, tetanus, measles, whooping cough, diphtheria and tuberculosis. The lives of over 3 million children a year have been saved. The U. N. operates under the principle that promoting economic and social development will help bring about lasting world peace. The United Nations Development Program provides economic assistance through expert advice, training, and limited equipment to developing countries. The U. N. Development Program coordinates all the U. N. efforts in developing nations and has had success in part because it is not perceived as an outside group threatening a developing countries’ authority or degenerating it to colonial rule. In addition to promoting workers rights and the right to organize and bargain for better pay and working conditions, the U. N. has also played a significant role in improving agricultural techniques and increasing crop yields in Asia, Africa and South America. The U. N. has also helped developing nations obtain funding projects through the International Bank for Reconstruction and Development, also known as the World Bank. A related U. N. agency, the International Monetary Fund (IMF) promotes international cooperation on monetary issues and encourages stable exchange rates among nations. Sources: Wikipedia Encyclopedia: http://en. wikipedia. org/wiki/History_of_the_United_Nations Encarta Encyclopedia: http://encarta. msn. com/encyclopedia_761564986/United_Nations. html How to cite Background and Structure on the United Nations, Essay examples

Importance of Mobile Website Mobile Web Development

Question: Discuss about theImportance of Mobile Website for Mobile Web Development. Answer: Introduction Internet has become the sensation and with internet pacing its way through, smartphones are gradually taking over the market and Vodafone Malta has understood that. With the emergence of smartphones, the new age of portability is marked. From a wide array of devices, the challenge comes down to Vodafone in order to optimize their company website so that everyone can use. The main purpose of optimizing the website for the smart phones is to improve functionality and navigation. A mobile website is actually the copy of the actual website which is smaller and much simpler and easy to access and Vodafone Malta has done that perfectly. The following report discusses the need to optimize any websites for smartphones and how Vodafone Malta benefits from this. Traditional Website and Mobile Website The world is evolving as well as the mobile industry. With these new changes, the challenge that has been put forth to the developers are the need to optimize the website so that it can viewed in any smartphones which is having the Webkit browsers installed in it. With the help of Webkit technology, any end user is able to view the website in their smartphones (Mohorovi?i?, 2013). The main difference between a traditional website and mobile website is that mobile website is simply a copy of traditional website with some little changes here and there so that it can fit in any sort of screens and also the main advantage of having the mobile website is that it provides the user with much simple look and easy to navigate. Also the mobile websites are much more responsive than that of the traditional one. The main drawback for the mobile websites is that it got a fixed design with no graphics and also the pages are not that organized. Improving the Mobile Website Portability has given users the freedom to access any website directly from their smartphones. But with increasing technology, the developers in Vodafone Malta needs to advance their sites keeping in mind what is good for the user so that it becomes easy for the users. There are few points which a developer should keep in mind while developing the website in behalf of Vodafone Malta is it should develop the page in a unique way that it remains simple but also looks beautiful (Forbes.com, 2017). Vodafone has optimized in such a way that it loads up real quick so that the users may need not to wait for long and can be operated from a moderately slow internet connection (McNaughton and Light, 2013). It also gives the user the feature of click to call where the user can access the website from his/her smartphone from anywhere and can get the information. Vodafone Malta has known this fact that mobile website development is quite less than mobile app as for mobile application, the developer need to develop apps for different platforms and website would open in any browser (Mohorovi?i?, 2013). Vodafone Malta should focus more on their webpage looks as if the user finds it difficult to use, the user may switch to another. The one thing Vodafone can do is the addition of QR codes in their webpage so that the user can show that code in their retail store so that they can help their user more quickly (Lu and Rastrick, 2014). They should also consider showing all the deals and offers in their website so that the user can get to know about the latest happenings. One thing Vodafone can add is the offline features so that even if there is no internet connection, users can get their basic work done. The bandwidth of the webpage should be high also so that if many users try to access the site at a time, it would not collapse. The main thing is that the website should be fully secure and all the information should have a back up. They should try to maintain contact with the users all the time and should resolve all their matters timely (Jensen, 2014). Benefit to the Company Vodafone Malta needs something that would put them out of the blue and get a stronghold over the market. With mobile website, Vodafone can easily update anything on their page with minimal time also having a website of their own represents the brand power (McNaughton and Light, 2013). Customers are attracted towards the brand and it a good idea to promote one brand over the social media. With mobile website, Vodafone can keep a track of their customers and using that information, they can do much improvement to their sites (Horvth and Fedorko, 2016). Designing is also a key aspect as if the customer likes the design of the webpage, they will suggest others also to view (Gibbs and Gretzel, 2015). With the website development, Vodafone is creating a professional and reputable image in front of the people. With the website, the company can add new listing, offers and much more instantly. The more interesting the page is, more the user will spend time on their website browsing about the products and offers. With mobile website, users can access the site of Vodafone from any part of the country with just a click they can do whatever they need (Horvth and Fedorko, 2016). With good, intuitive interface, users will promote the website of Vodafone over many social networks by which many others will come. As Vodafone is quite popular in the European market, many other companies would like to link their website with theirs so as to increase the user database (Singh, Malik and Sarkar, 2016). There is no thumb rule that the developers in Vodafone should only focus on users with smartphones. Its a two way where the company needs to focus on all user groups so that they can deliver accordingly and meet the requirements of their customer. Conclusion According to the statistics, it is said that there are more smartphones in the world than human beings. Mobile website development is cheap and it can be updated easily with less time in hands. Also, it boosts the productivity of Vodafone and many other companies would like to tie up with them. Also, the company would get promotion on the social media which would benefit the company and seeing that many other customers would also come and view their page. Also, Vodafone should try to implement new things onto their website so that it does not get monotonous and the site should be informative too. References Forbes.com. (2017). Forbes Welcome. [online] Available at: https://www.forbes.com/sites/forbesagencycouncil/2017/02/17/6-seo-trends-to-inject-into-your-marketing-programs-this-year/#345df0a25652 [Accessed 25 Feb. 2017]. Gibbs, C. and Gretzel, U., 2015. Drivers of responsive website design innovation by destination marketing organizations. InInformation and Communication Technologies in Tourism 2015(pp. 581-592). Springer International Publishing. Horvth, M.J. and Fedorko, M.R., 2016. Website as an important indicator of the business entitys reputation in terms of the Slovak e-commerce market. Jensen, M.L., Dunbar, N.E., Connelly, M.S., Taylor, W.D., Hughes, M., Adame, B. and Rozzell, B., 2014. Organizational balancing of website interactivity and control: An examination of ideological groups and the duality of goals.Computers in human behavior,38, pp.43-54. Lu, Y. and Rastrick, K., 2014. Impacts of website design on the adoption intention of mobile commerce: Gender as a moderator.New Zealand Journal of Applied Business Research,12(2), p.51. McNaughton, D. and Light, J., 2013. The iPad and mobile technology revolution: Benefits and challenges for individuals who require augmentative and alternative communication. Mohorovi?i?, S., 2013, May. Implementing responsive web design for enhanced web presence. InInformation Communication Technology Electronics Microelectronics (MIPRO), 2013 36th International Convention on(pp. 1206-1210). IEEE. Singh, T., Malik, S. and Sarkar, D., 2016, April. E-commerce website quality assessment based on usability. InComputing, Communication and Automation (ICCCA), 2016 International Conference on(pp. 101-105). IEEE.

Stella Artois free essay sample

Grantham university Abstract Stella was a beer brand who in 2006 received a reputation to being known as a wife beater brand due to domestic violence cases involving the brand. To turn this perception around the company begin emphasizing the history and values of the brewery. To help with communication they created an online experience for the consumer, with short films, interactive film and gaming as well as 3D gaming. This allows the visitors to be introduced to the origins and heritage of Stella Artois and esp erase the negative associations. What are the communication benefits of building a brand narrative in the way Stella Artois has? Do you think this is the best way to Improve dialog with the target audience? Stella Artois There are many communication benefits of building a brand narrative in the way Stella Artois has. In this day and age consumers have become more engaged and are much more In control of receiving and interpreting brand messages. We will write a custom essay sample on Stella Artois or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page As a result companies must be able to grow and adapt to their target audience, and Stella Artois ecided to do just that. Individual Brand Congruity When Stella Artois decided to re image their brand to get out of the negative perception of being the beer of Wife beaters they decided to go back to the basics. They decide to distance the brand from its lager lout Image and shifting peoples perceptions of premium quality. (Smith, 2010) The company decide to go back to its roots, by branding the origin of the Artois brewery which was established in 1366. They also used a feminine aspect to branch away from the rough masculine wife eater persona with the Artois-branded feminine stemmed chalice glasses. Individual brand congruity is when essence and core value of the brand resonate with the memories and emotional connections of the audience (Smith, 2010) and with the brand narrative of the Artois Heritage the company established just that. Medlascape To effective communicate to consumers, how the message is carried is really important. Media scape Is the array of channels available which will carry the message (Smith, 2010) Stella Artois utilized online resources by putting their site as he Centre of marketing communication. They created an online experience Including a short film movie name La Boutellle to a 3D Interactive experience Le DÂ ©fi where players challenge their friends to rescue a fresh-poured goblet of Stella Artois by engaging in a number of complex puzzles. (Smith, 2010) Their method of communication gave them a global audience and engage their target audience with the impact of technology. Improve Dialogue I believe that Stella Artois utilized the best way that they can to improve the dialog with their target audience. One way that they used was with going back to their roots faille Artois helped enhance and promote the quality of the product. And with the feminine touch twist with the chalice glasses and the classy point-of-sale materials it promotes a premium product and discourages the audience of heavy drinkers and young males. Another tool used that was the best way to improve the duologue was with their website promotions. With the constant change of technology consumers have access to multiple lines of products available as well as information anytime nd anywhere. And using the technology reflecting the brewery gets the consumers engaged and allows them to interact with the company. For Stella Artois to launch a global, through the line campaign driving traffic to an international website I believe was the best way to improve the duologue and find more of their target audience. References Smith, Terry. (2010). Stella Artois: Reassuringly Expensive Wife Beater. Marketing Communication, pg. 3-5 Smith, Terry. (2010). Introduction to Marketing Communications. Marketing Communications. Pg. 13

Internal Unsolicited Proposal for Glamstone Company

Internal Unsolicited Proposal for Glamstone Company Introduction Over the last many years, Glamstone quarry has been generating aggregates of numerous sizes with an objective of meeting the demand of the engineering as well as construction tasks within a radius of thirty kilometers of Pendle (Ghose and Dhar 394).Advertising We will write a custom proposal sample on Internal Unsolicited Proposal for Glamstone Company specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More This quarry is until now utilizing old machinery and technologies and, as a result, it only generates 500, 000 tones of aggregates of distinct sizes per year which are supplied in the local market within a radius of thirty kilometers from the quarry. Because the United Kingdom wide group of quarries has taken over the operations of the Glamstone quarry, the new owners are looking forward to increase the profitability of the quarry in addition to ensuring that the quarry maintains its long-term viability and competitiveness in the volatile gl obal market. Besides, it aims at modernizing the existing technologies by replacing the outdated technologies with new ones as well as maintaining a good relationship between the local community and the quarry. This paper will attempt to lay down a strategic action plan for the quarry that will provide new directions to the current owners of the quarry. Objectives The core objective of this research proposal is to provide a comprehensive action plan of how to increase the supply of the company’s product to meet the demand in order to increase the profitability of the quarry as well as how to retain its long term viability on the basis of the projected market. Product Aggregates are crucial products which are utilized for all civil engineering as well as construction tasks. They are made in array of sizes and they are main materials in construction works. The Plan While taking into consideration the projected market, the action plan proposed in this paper will place more focus on the following underlying elements: technology, machinery, transportation, expansion, environment and local community.Advertising Looking for proposal on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Technology Over the last many years, the technological advancement has played a critical role in bringing critical transformations in consumption and production sectors in the global world. The use of advanced technology has enabled quarries to increase their general output while at the same time minimizing the production costs. The findings from various studies have indicated that advanced technologies are increasingly being utilized to generate products both in the developed world as well as in developing countries such as Africa and Asia (Swamidass 84). These aggregates are produced in different sizes and are of critical importance in civil engineering as well as construction works. Due to the ever-rising de mand for bridges, roads, business and new residential complexes, modern technologies are required in order to effectively deal with these issues. Glamstone quarry, in particular, has not been able to meet these ever-growing demands because of their continuous reliance on old technologies in the generation of aggregates. Despite the fact that the introduction of modern technology requires huge capital and high maintenance costs, it is viable in the long run and it can possess the potential to increase profit as well as enhancing the competitiveness of the quarry in the global market. Besides, the production costs are greatly minimized when new technologies are adopted. Machinery The Glamstone quarry requires new machines if desired results are to be expected. The findings of various studies have indicated that new machines have the capacity to increase the general output of the firm in addition to boosting its competitiveness and viability in the volatile global market (Swain 249). T o this effect, modern/new technology will not be of any critical importance if there is absence of new machinery. Presently, Glamstone quarry are employing machinery that are outdated and as such, new machinery needs to be introduced instead of hauling the existing old machinery. Numerous modern machineries are available in the market that can play an integral role in increasing the profitability of the quarry in addition to maintaining its viability in the global market (Redmond and Romero 56). To this effect, new technology must go hand in hand with new machinery.Advertising We will write a custom proposal sample on Internal Unsolicited Proposal for Glamstone Company specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Currently, only a half a million tons are generated by the Glamstone quarry with the strength of 30 employees instead of 0.75 million tones using 30 employees. In essence, the quarry should be generating 2.25 million tones of aggregates annually with the current strength of workers. However, this does not seem realistic as long as the Glamstone quarry continues to rely on the old technology and machinery. Assuming that this production level is attained, it will not be viable in the long run due to the fact that the current market consumes approximately a half a million tones of aggregates annually and currently, there is a need to expand this market in order to reach the target of one million tons of aggregates per year. This signifies that the current workforce should be cut down to about 12 or 15 workers and the remaining employees to be given some form of compensation or given new responsibilities. For instance, the remaining employees should undergo training on how to drive new trucks that this study is proposing or given extensive training on marketing related issues such as exploring new markets and attracting new potential customers to the company. Conveyor Tube There are various new machines which have bee n introduced in the market and which can play an integral role in increasing the production and supply of aggregates from the Glamstone quarry (Ghose and Dhar 410). Owing to the fact that this study is proposing for the operations in South quarry, it will be crucial to categorically mention the new machinery plus its utility. This machine is perceived by many to possess the potential of revitalizing the operations of the quarry. To this effect, this study is proposing a new machine referred to as conveyor. Soon after the South quarry is launched, the biggest problem will be how to transport the generated aggregates into the local market. The process of modernization entails constructing convey lines from the quarry to the loading line so as to minimize road congestion and undesirable traffic on the single road which is the main medium of transportation. Instead of using traditional belt conveyors, this paper proposes that new pipe conveyors which are currently available in the marke t and which possess more potential when compared with the traditional belt conveyors. Besides, conveyor pipe will greatly minimize environmental pollution brought about by dust and noise when transporting aggregates from the quarry to the loading line. Once the aggregates are loaded to conveyor pipe, its belts result into a tubular shape after being folded.Advertising Looking for proposal on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More This shape plays a critical role in minimizing any form of contamination or leakage. Moreover, this resultant shape allows the conveyor pipe to run along winding ways and to travel horizontally or vertically and as such it can escape any barrier that may try to deter its movement. As noted by Scott and Malcolm, conveyor pipes promises transportation in both direction in addition to guaranteeing cleanliness along the path. They will as well minimize the dust emission in the nearby area and reduce the traffic load on the community road (256). Transportation Currently, trucks that possess the loading capacity of 30 tonnes are being used by Glamstone quarry and are not effective in transporting aggregates to the loading point. This has made the quarry operate only within a radius of 30 kilometers. This paper proposes that if advanced Lorries with loading capacity of 50 tones and above are used in carrying the aggregates, the profitability of the quarry will be increased and its viabilit y maintained. Besides, these new Lorries will have the potential to extend the local market beyond 50 kilometers. The expanded market will bring more customers and business to the quarry and as such, the quarry will increase its production of aggregates to one million tonnes or more per year. For instance, the nearby redevelopment action plan by the waterside of the adjacent city can have the potential to consume 0.25 million tonnes of aggregates annually. These goals will only be attained efficient services are provided by the quarry as well as meeting the projected market demands. The operations that are being carried in the South will increase the production of aggregates. However, these operations are faced with various problems such as lack of availability of efficient and reliable transportation. Presently, there is only a single road which criss-crosses the South and North quarries and it is being shared with the local community. If the quarry decides to rely on this road for its operations the objectives of increasing its profitability as well as maintain its viability in the volatile global market will remain a dream. However, the quarry can decide to use the road by initiating one of the following options: To use conveyor pipes to transport aggregates from the quarry to the loading point. This project will cost approximately 0.67 million dollars to construct a tunnel that will pass under the road which is estimated to cost 0.54 million dollars. The final option is construct a bridge for the local people and close the road. This project is projected to cost approximately 0.22 million dollars. By using SWOT analysis in analyzing the above available options, this paper recommends that although the second option is cost effective and most favorable, it is likely to face more opposition from the local community. The first option will be the best due to the fact that the cost incurred by initiating the project will be recovered in future through reducing t he cost of protecting the environment as well as minimizing transportation expenses. Figure 1. Materials transport to a nearby quarry through covered conveyor belts. Source: Roach (27). Conclusion It is apparent in the report a comprehensive action plan for Glamstone quarry is needed in order to increase the profitability of the quarry in addition to maintaining its viability in the volatile global market. Some of the recommended action to be taken by the quarry includes purchasing conveyor pipes that will play a critical in transporting aggregates from the quarry to the loading point. This machine has the potential to reduce environmental pollution as well as minimizing traffic congestion. Other options explored in this report should also be taken into considerations. Ghose, Ajoy and B. Dhar. Mining: Challenges of the 21st Century. New Delhi: APH Publishing. 2000. Print. Redmond, Steve and V. Romero. Rapid Excavation and Tunneling Conference Proceedings. London: SME. 2011. Print. Roach, Michael. North American Tunnelling 2008 Proceedings. London: SME. 2008. Print. Scott, Wright and C. Malcolm. Industrial Minerals and Extractive Industry Geology. London: Geological Society. 2002. Print. Swain, Anup. Mechanical Operations. Noida: Tata McGraw-hill Education. 2011. Print. Swamidass, Paul. Encyclopedia of Production and Manufacturing Management. New York: Springer. 2000. Print.

International aspects of business law Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

International aspects of business law - Essay Example There are three categories of corruption cases, which can be political, personal or commercial in nature, but the basic difference lies in the office, authority and position, which are neglected, and intent of manipulations. Further there is political corruption, which may include bribery, use of governmental offices for private enrichment and changing of how decisions are made by public bodies (Heidenheimer, Johnston and Le Vine 1989). On the other hand, bribery is an act of corruption that entails obtaining money or any form of monetary gain, or the making of payments illegally through abuse of public or commercial office and funds. This payment does not necessarily involve the exchange of money, but can also be through gifts, special favours or influence and despite the form it takes, corruption is always a transaction that goes in two ways involving two parties that is the briber and the one who receives the bribe. In relation to the case study Mullet Inc. though incorporated in US intends to secure a contract to supply computers to Central Bank of Acacia, however it is faced with the challenge of contravening international business laws on corruption and bribery by giving the board of directors a celebratory dinner for it to secure the contract. The payment of this dinner is a form of bribery to the board members by the negotiating team for them to accept to continue and finalize the business contract. This paper will seek to advise the Mullet Inc. negotiating team of their legal liabilities by giving in to the Chairman of the Acacia bank demands under US FCPA in comparison to the UK Bribery Act. The U.S. Foreign Corrupt Practices Act This Act of 1977 outlaws American corporations from making any payment deemed as bribery or inducements to overseas representatives with the intent of winning or keeping business (U.S. Department of Commerce 2004). This statute was enacted to put a stop to the act of bribing officials from foreign countries as well as restori ng the confidence of the American investor in the integrity of the American business system and, has been amended twice in 1988 and in 1998 with the changing dynamics in businesses (Rutchfield and Lacey 2000). The U.K. Bribery Act 2010 Studies by independent audit firms such as Ernst & Young and Confronting Corruption show that firms and businesses in the United Kingdom have been making tremendous losses due to corruption and bribery. These are termed as barriers to growth and trade and overseas corruption makes it even harder and expensive do businesses abroad. The United Kingdom government has therefore strengthened its laws by enacting the Bribery Act 2010 that came into operation on July 1, 2011 creating a number of offences relating to corruption in international businesses. This law outlawed the bribing of a foreign official, giving, or promising an advantage when dealing with international business transactions (De Jonge 2011, p. 136). The U.K. Bribery Act 2010 also created a n offence of acceptance, demanding, or assenting to receive an advantage or benefit or failing to stop a bribe from being paid on behalf of a firm or a company. Case Study Analysis of the Celebratory Dinner Request under UK Bribery Act and FCPA Public/private sector The FCPA prohibits giving of bribery only to foreign public officials; on the other

Citizenship Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Citizenship - Essay Example American citizens need to be active and engage in daily operation of the government activities in order to establish a just and liberal society. Therefore, it is the significant for civic, local, small, and religious groups get detailed knowledge and education significant to administer the right combination of compassion, loving and active discipline necessary for each citizen. This in turn will foster citizenship, encouraging civic pride and nurturing American families. Citizens must be ready and willing to agree and adhere to the regulations, tenets, obligations, and rules by which they are governed. Democratic governments give many freedoms to their citizens incorporating the freedom to criticize and dissent the government. Citizenship in a democratic country needs civility, patience, and participation. Democratic citizens realize that they have rights and responsibilities (Jeffrey et al, 2010). Due to this, they are challenged to understand that democracy needs hard work and an i nvestment of time. Therefore, a government of the people requires consistent support and vigilance by the governed. Responsibilities of citizens in a democracy demand the need for collective self-government and a personal sense of social concern as member of a polity. This shows a multifaceted nature of citizenship as a practice and philosophy that values the objectives and goals of equality, fraternity, and liberty. In democratic states such as the United States of America, the civic participation or engagement implies that citizens are required to act as juries or offer mandatory civilian or military national service for a certain period (Jeffrey et al, 2010). In addition, other obligations apply to the democratic ideals and are the main roles or responsibilities of the citizen. For instance, a sole responsibility among these is the respect for the rule of law. It is significant for citizens to pay their taxes, respect the rights of other people who have different ideas or opinion s from theirs’, and accepting the power of the elected government are some of the responsibilities of a citizen in a democracy. A citizen in a democratic government has the role of pursuing the common good of the community. Therefore, it is important to lay emphasis on the principles of voluntarism or freedom in that the government or the authority does not have the right to compel and force its citizens to be good but it can offer incentives as well as sanctions for bad or unacceptable behaviors. A democratic government needs to have educated, aggressive and responsible citizens who act in accordance with the various civic virtues such as self-determination, freedom from oppressive government and interdependence. This is because in absence of active citizen participation and without practice of civic virtue in the life of a community, democratic institutions such as the State and market and the entire civil society cannot operate in a sustainable manner (Jeffrey et al, 2010) . Democratic citizens understand that they bear the burden of roles for their community if indeed they have to benefit from the government’s guard of their rights. In order for democracy to succeed, its citizens must be aggressive since they are aware that the failure or success of the government is their obligation and responsibility. In turn, the government understands that it must treat its citizens

Community Health Nursing Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Community Health Nursing - Essay Example Quality of life really depends upon not only what the family can do, but about what the community health nurse can impart to her patient. In the case of Mrs. Thomas, making her comfortable is going to be the nurse’s primary concern. It seems that Mrs. Thomas is on a regime that includes Vicodin, but she doesn’t seem approving of using medication for pain management. However, it is okay for the nurse to reassure Mrs. Thomas that this will help her make a smooth transition in the process in which she is going through. She is in a lot of pain, and managing the pain will definitely take a lot of pressure off of Mr. Thomas knowing that his wife feels better. Unfortunately, many times pain is undertreated by physicians in the U.S. Since Mrs. Thomas is a cancer patient, it only makes sense that she is going to feel badly with the metastasis of the cancer to her lung—and indeed, it probably is as painful as she has described to the nurse. However, not treating the pain i s going to leave Mrs. Thomas without other recourse, and in the process, Mr. Thomas may become severely affected, seeing his wife in pain and feeling powerless to do much about it. Therefore, the best decision seems to be to treat the pain. This is going to be the greatest help for Mrs. Thomas as she now goes through the dying process. B. Discuss three strategies that you could use in the Thomas’s situation to improve the quality of life for Mrs. Thomas and her husband during this illness. Community health nurses definitely can have a positive impact on being able to improve the quality of life for terminally ill patients such as Mrs. Thomas. According to Larsen and Lubkin (2009), â€Å"By evaluating the extent to which nursing interventions improve quality of life for clients and families, nurses are in a position to [help their clients with this]† (pp. 156). Of course, many times people may argue about what does quality of life mean. According to Sinclair (2007), â €Å"Referring to quality of life†¦Ã¢â‚¬â„¢its definition is notoriously problematic.’ The tendency toward superficiality in measurement of quality of life in palliative care has been [criticized]† (pp. 62). Three strategies that could be used in order to improve Mrs. Thomas’s quality of life would include the following: have her listen to music; make sure she has good hygiene and grooming; and making sure Mrs. Thomas has some visitors so she can get some social interaction, perhaps with her family members who live out-of-state. Music can be a quite calming factor, especially when one is not feeling well. Something light and airy, or classical music, might be especially soothing. In addition, Mrs. Thomas should be very well-groomed and be helped to maintain good personal hygiene so that she doesn’t get any kind of infection. Third, perhaps visits from her family members from out-of-state might be a nice touch, if the nurse could get in contact with th em and see if they’d like to visit her. Or, alternatively, the nurse might like to arrange a visit or two from a minister of Mrs. Thomas’s faith or a volunteer who cares for hospice patients. Volunteers who work in hospice might best serve Mrs. Thomas if at least one person came to see her on a regular basis so she could maintain some social contact with others outside her husband. C. Create a holistic nursing action plan appropriate for managing Mrs. Thomas’s care at home by doing the following: ? 1. Discuss ways to optimize Mrs. Thomas’